Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1950, deta yogwiritsira ntchito makina a CNC makamaka imachokera ku makadi a punch, omwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi njira zovuta zamanja. Zomwe zidasintha pakukula kwa CNC ndikuti khadi ikasinthidwa ndi kuwongolera makompyuta, imawonetsa mwachindunji chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakompyuta, komanso makina othandizira makompyuta (CAD) ndi mapulogalamu othandizira makompyuta (CAM). Kukonza kwakhala imodzi mwazinthu zoyamba zaukadaulo wamakono wamakompyuta.
Ngakhale injini yowunikira yopangidwa ndi Charles Babbage chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 imatengedwa kuti ndiyo kompyuta yoyamba m'lingaliro lamakono, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) nthawi yeniyeni yamakompyuta whirlwind I (yomwe inabadwira mu labotale yamakina a servo) ndiye kompyuta yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi computing yofananira ndi maginito core memory (monga momwe zikuwonekera pachithunzi pansipa). Gululi lidatha kugwiritsa ntchito makinawo kuti alembe makina opangidwa ndi makompyuta a tepi yobowoleza. Wolandira woyambayo adagwiritsa ntchito machubu pafupifupi 5000 ndipo amalemera pafupifupi mapaundi 20000.
Kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kwa chitukuko cha makompyuta panthawiyi kunali gawo la vuto panthawiyo. Kupatula apo, anthu omwe amayesa kugulitsa lingaliro ili sadziwa kwenikweni kupanga - amangokhala akatswiri apakompyuta. Panthawiyo, lingaliro la NC linali lachilendo kwambiri kwa opanga kuti chitukuko cha teknolojiyi chinali chochepa kwambiri panthawiyo, kotero kuti asilikali a US amayenera kupanga makina a 120 NC ndikubwereketsa kwa opanga osiyanasiyana kuti ayambe kufalitsa ntchito yawo. .
Ndondomeko ya Evolution kuchokera ku NC kupita ku CNC
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950:G code, chinenero chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri cha NC, chinabadwira mu servo mechanism Laboratory ya Massachusetts Institute of technology. G code imagwiritsidwa ntchito pouza zida zamakina apakompyuta momwe zimapangira china chake. Lamuloli limatumizidwa kwa wowongolera makina, ndiyeno amauza mota liwiro lakuyenda ndi njira yoti atsatire.
1956:gulu lankhondo la ndege likufuna kupanga chilankhulo chowongolera manambala. Dipatimenti yatsopano yofufuza za MIT, motsogozedwa ndi Doug Ross ndipo idatchedwa Computer Applications Group, idayamba kuphunzira za lingalirolo ndikupanga china chake chomwe chimadziwika kuti chida chokonzekera pulogalamu (APT).
1957:bungwe lamakampani opanga ndege ndi dipatimenti yankhondo yapamlengalenga adagwirizana ndi MIT kuti akhazikitse ntchito yoyenera ndikupanga makina oyamba a CNC. Apt, yomwe idapangidwa isanapangidwe mawonekedwe azithunzi ndi FORTRAN, imagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zokha kusamutsa geometry ndi njira zamakina kumakina owongolera manambala (NC). (mtundu wamtsogolo udalembedwa ku FORTRAN, ndipo apt adatulutsidwa m'malo aboma.
1957:pamene akugwira ntchito ku General Electric, wasayansi wamakompyuta waku America Patrick J. Hanratty adapanga ndikutulutsa chilankhulo choyambirira chamalonda cha NC chotchedwa Pronto, chomwe chidayala maziko a mapulogalamu amtsogolo a CAD ndikumupatsa dzina losavomerezeka la "bambo wa cad / cam".
"Pa March 11, 1958, nyengo yatsopano yopangira kupanga inabadwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya kupanga, makina opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi makompyuta ambiri ankagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi monga mzere wophatikizira. akhoza kubowola, kubowola, mphero, ndi kudutsa mbali zosafunika pakati pa makina.
1959:Gulu la MIT lidachita msonkhano wa atolankhani kuwonetsa zida zawo zatsopano zamakina a CNC.
1959:asilikali amlengalenga adasaina mgwirizano wa chaka chimodzi ndi labotale yamagetsi ya MIT kuti apange "projekiti yothandizidwa ndi makompyuta". Zotsatira za system automation engineering design (AED) zidatulutsidwa pagulu mu 1965.
1959:General Motors (GM) adayamba kuphunzira zomwe pambuyo pake zidatchedwa kuti computer enhanced design (DAC-1), yomwe inali imodzi mwa makina akale kwambiri a CAD. Chaka chotsatira, adayambitsa IBM ngati bwenzi. Zojambula zimatha kujambulidwa mudongosolo, zomwe zimawayika pa digito ndipo zimatha kusinthidwa. Kenako, mapulogalamu ena amatha kusintha mizereyo kukhala mawonekedwe a 3D ndikuwatulutsa kuti azitha kutumiza kumakina ogaya. DAC-1 idakhazikitsidwa mu 1963 ndipo idawonekera poyera mu 1964.
1962:zojambula zoyamba zamalonda za CAD system electronic plotter (EDM) zopangidwa ndi itek, kontrakitala wachitetezo waku US, idakhazikitsidwa. Idapezedwa ndi control data corporation, mainframe and supercomputer company, ndipo idatchedwanso digigraphy. Poyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Lockheed ndi makampani ena kupanga magawo opangira ndege za C-5 Galaxy zoyendera zankhondo, zomwe zikuwonetsa vuto loyamba la dongosolo lomaliza la cad / cnc.
Magazini ya Time panthawiyo inalemba nkhani pa EDM mu March, 1962, ndipo inanena kuti mapangidwe a woyendetsa galimoto adalowa mu kompyuta yotsika mtengo kudzera mu console, yomwe imatha kuthetsa mavuto ndikusunga mayankho mu mawonekedwe a digito ndi microfilm mu laibulale yake yokumbukira. Ingokanikizani batani ndikujambula chojambula ndi cholembera chowala, ndipo injiniya akhoza kulowa muzokambirana zothamanga ndi EDM, kukumbukira zojambula zake zonse zoyambirira pazenera mkati mwa millisecond, ndikusintha mizere yawo ndi zokhotakhota mwakufuna kwake.
Ivan Sutherland akuphunzira TX-2
Chithunzi chojambula cha highlighter
Panthaŵiyo, opanga makina ndi magetsi ankafunikira chida chofulumizitsa ntchito yotopetsa ndi yowononga nthaŵi imene nthaŵi zambiri ankagwira. Kuti akwaniritse chosowa ichi, Ivan E. Sutherland wa dipatimenti yamagetsi yamagetsi ku MIT adapanga dongosolo lopangira makompyuta a digito kukhala ogwirizana nawo opanga.
Zida zamakina a CNC zimakopa chidwi komanso kutchuka
Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1960, kutuluka kwa makompyuta ang'onoang'ono otsika mtengo kunasintha malamulo a masewerawa pamakampani. Chifukwa cha ukadaulo watsopano wa transistor ndi core memory, makina amphamvu awa amatenga malo ochepa kwambiri kuposa ma mainframe akulu akulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.
Makompyuta ang'onoang'ono, omwe amadziwikanso kuti makompyuta apakati pa nthawiyo, mwachibadwa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimawamasula ku zoletsedwa za makampani kapena magulu ankhondo akale, ndikupereka kuthekera kwa kulondola, kudalirika ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa makampani ang'onoang'ono, mabizinesi.
Mosiyana ndi izi, ma microcomputer ndi 8-bit osagwiritsa ntchito amodzi, makina osavuta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe osavuta (monga MS-DOS), pomwe makompyuta ang'onoang'ono ndi 16-bit kapena 32-bit. Makampani owononga akuphatikizapo Dec, data general, ndi Hewlett Packard (HP) (tsopano amatanthauza makompyuta ake akale, monga HP3000, monga "maseva").
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, kukula kwachuma pang'onopang'ono komanso kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito kunapangitsa kuti makina a CNC awoneke ngati njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo, ndipo kufunikira kwa zida zamakina otsika mtengo a NC kunakula. Ngakhale ofufuza a ku America amayang'ana kwambiri mafakitale apamwamba monga mapulogalamu ndi ndege, Germany (yogwirizana ndi Japan m'zaka za m'ma 1980) imayang'ana kwambiri misika yotsika mtengo ndipo imaposa United States pakugulitsa makina. Komabe, panthawiyi, pali makampani ambiri a American CAD ndi ogulitsa, kuphatikizapo UGS Corp., computervision, applicon ndi IBM.
M'zaka za m'ma 1980, ndi kuchepa kwa mtengo wa hardware kutengera ma microprocessors komanso kutuluka kwa network ya m'deralo (LAN), makompyuta ogwirizana ndi ena, mtengo ndi kupezeka kwa zida zamakina a CNC zidawonekeranso. Pofika theka lakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, makompyuta ang'onoang'ono ndi makina akuluakulu apakompyuta adasinthidwa ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ma seva a fayilo ndi makompyuta aumwini (PCS), motero kuchotsa makina a CNC a mayunivesite ndi makampani omwe adawayika (chifukwa iwo okha makompyuta okwera mtengo omwe angakwanitse kutsagana nawo).
Mu 1989, National Institute of standards and technology pansi pa dipatimenti ya zamalonda ku US idapanga pulojekiti yowongolera makina (EMC2, yomwe pambuyo pake idadzatchedwa linuxcnc), yomwe ndi pulogalamu yotseguka ya gnu/linux yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta yoyang'anira CNC. makina. Linuxcnc imatsegulira tsogolo la zida zamakina a CNC, zomwe zikadali ntchito zaupainiya pantchito yamakompyuta.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-19-2022