Momwe makina achikhalidwe, makina a CNC amasinthira kukhala makina apakompyuta (monga makina a Bantam zida zapakompyuta CNC mphero ndi makina a Bantam zida zapakompyuta PCB) ndi chifukwa cha chitukuko cha makompyuta amunthu, ma microcontrollers ndi zida zina zamagetsi.Popanda izi, zida zamakina zamphamvu komanso zophatikizika za CNC sizikanatheka lero.
Pofika m'chaka cha 1980, kusintha kwa uinjiniya wowongolera komanso nthawi yopangira chithandizo chamagetsi ndi makompyuta.
Kuyamba kwa kompyuta yanu
Mu 1977, "makompyuta" atatu adatulutsidwa nthawi imodzi - Apple II, pet 2001 ndi TRS-80 - mu January 1980, magazini ya byte inalengeza kuti "nthawi ya makompyuta okonzeka okonzeka afika".Kupanga makompyuta amunthu kwasinthidwa mwachangu kuyambira pamenepo, pomwe mpikisano pakati pa apulo ndi IBM udatsika ndikuyenderera.
Pofika 1984, Apple idatulutsa Macintosh yachikale, kompyuta yoyamba yopangidwa ndi mbewa yopangidwa ndi mbewa yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsa ntchito (GUI).Macintosh imabwera ndi macpaint ndi macwrite (omwe amalimbikitsa WYSIWYG WYSIWYG ntchito).Chaka chotsatira, kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi adobe, pulogalamu yatsopano yojambula zithunzi inayambika, kuyala maziko opangira makompyuta (CAD) ndi kupanga makompyuta (CAM).
Kupanga mapulogalamu a CAD ndi cam
Mkhalapakati pakati pa kompyuta ndi CNC chida makina ndi mapulogalamu awiri zofunika: CAD ndi cam.Tisanalowe mu mbiri yachidule ya onse awiri, nazi mwachidule.
Mapulogalamu a CAD amathandizira kupanga digito, kusinthidwa, ndi kugawana zinthu za 2D kapena 3D.Pulogalamu ya cam imakupatsani mwayi wosankha zida, zida, ndi zina zogwirira ntchito.Monga mainjiniya, ngakhale mutamaliza ntchito yonse ya CAD ndikudziwa mawonekedwe a magawo omwe mukufuna, makina opangira mphero samadziwa kukula kapena mawonekedwe a chodulira chomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito, kapena tsatanetsatane wa kukula kwanu kapena mtundu.
Pulogalamu ya cam imagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi Injiniya ku CAD kuwerengera kayendedwe ka chida muzinthuzo.Kuwerengera koyenda uku, komwe kumatchedwa njira zachida, kumapangidwa kokha ndi pulogalamu ya cam kuti ikwaniritse bwino kwambiri.Mapulogalamu ena amakono a cam amathanso kutsanzira pazenera momwe makina amagwiritsira ntchito chida chomwe mwasankha podula zida.M'malo modula mayeso pazida zenizeni zamakina mobwerezabwereza, zimatha kupulumutsa zida, nthawi yokonza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu.
Chiyambi cha CAD yamakono chikhoza kuyambika ku 1957. Pulogalamu yotchedwa Pronto yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya makompyuta Patrick J. Hanratty amadziwika kuti ndi tate wa cad / cam.Mu 1971, adapanganso pulogalamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri Adam, yomwe ndi njira yolumikizirana, kujambula ndi kupanga yolembedwa ku FORTRAN, yomwe imayang'ana mphamvu zonse."Ofufuza m'mafakitale akuyerekeza kuti 70% ya makina onse a 3-D Mechanical cad / cam omwe alipo lero atha kutsatiridwa ndi code yoyambirira ya Hanratty," atero a University of California Irvine, komwe adachita kafukufukuyu panthawiyo.
Cha m'ma 1967, a Patrick J. Hanratty adadzipereka pakupanga makina opangidwa ndi makompyuta a makompyuta osakanikirana (CADIC).
Mu 1960, pulogalamu ya upainiya Sketchpad ya Ivan Sutherland inapangidwa pakati pa mapulogalamu awiri a Hanratty, yomwe inali pulogalamu yoyamba yogwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe azithunzi.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti AutoCAD, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Autodesk mu 1982, ndi pulogalamu yoyamba ya 2D CAD makamaka pamakompyuta aumwini m'malo mwa mainframe makompyuta.Pofika chaka cha 1994, AutoCAD R13 inapangitsa kuti pulogalamuyi ikhale yogwirizana ndi mapangidwe a 3D.Mu 1995, SolidWorks inatulutsidwa ndi cholinga chodziwikiratu kuti mapangidwe a CAD akhale osavuta kwa omvera ambiri, ndipo Autodesk Inventor inakhazikitsidwa mu 1999, yomwe inakhala yodziwika bwino.
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino cha AutoCAD chinawonetsa dongosolo lathu ladzuwa mu 1: 1 kilomita.Mutha kuyang'ananso mwezi ndikuwerenga zomwe zili patsamba la Apollo.
Ndizosatheka kuyankhula za chitukuko cha makina a CNC popanda kupereka msonkho kwa opanga mapulogalamu omwe adzipereka kuti achepetse malo olowera pakupanga digito ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito kumagulu onse a luso.Pakadali pano, Autodesk fusion 360 ili patsogolo.(poyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu ofanana monga Mastercam, UGNX ndi PowerMILL, pulogalamu yamphamvu ya cad / cam sinatsegulidwe ku China.) ndi "chida choyamba cha 3D CAD, cam ndi CAE cha mtundu wake, chomwe chingagwirizane ndi chitukuko chanu chonse cha mankhwala. njira yopita papulatifomu yochokera pamtambo yoyenera PC, MAC ndi zida zam'manja."Pulogalamu yamphamvu iyi ndi yaulere kwa ophunzira, aphunzitsi, oyambira oyenerera komanso osakonda.
Zida zoyambirira zamakina a CNC
Monga mmodzi wa apainiya ndi makolo a zida zamakina a CNC, Ted hall, yemwe anayambitsa zida za shopbot, anali pulofesa wa Neuroscience ku Duke University.Pa nthawi yake yopuma, amakonda kupanga mabwato a plywood.Anayang'ana chida chomwe chinali chosavuta kudula plywood, koma ngakhale mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito makina a CNC mphero panthawiyo unadutsa $50000.Mu 1994, adawonetsa gulu la anthu chigayo chomwe adapanga mumsonkhano wake, motero adayamba ulendo wa kampaniyo.
Kuchokera kufakitale kupita pakompyuta: MTM snap
Mu 2001, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) inakhazikitsa malo atsopano ndi atomu, omwe ndi mlongo Laboratory wa MIT Media Laboratory, ndipo amatsogoleredwa ndi wamasomphenya Pulofesa Neil Gershenfeld.Gershenfeld amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa lingaliro la Fab Lab (Manufacturing Laboratory).Mothandizidwa ndi mphotho ya US $ 13.75 miliyoni yofufuza zaukadaulo kuchokera ku National Science Foundation, Bit and atom Center (CBA) idayamba kufunafuna thandizo kuti apange netiweki yaying'ono ya studio kuti apatse anthu zida zopangira digito.
Izi zisanachitike, mu 1998, Gershenfeld anatsegula maphunziro otchedwa "momwe angapangire (pafupifupi) chirichonse" ku Massachusetts Institute of technology kuti adziwitse ophunzira aluso ku makina opangira mafakitale okwera mtengo, koma maphunziro ake adakopa ophunzira ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo luso, mapangidwe. ndi zomangamanga.Izi zakhala maziko akusintha kwa digito kwamunthu.
Chimodzi mwama projekiti obadwa ndi CBA ndi makina omwe amapanga (MTM), omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ma prototypes othamanga omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'ma labotale a fakitale yawafer.Imodzi mwa makina obadwa mu polojekitiyi ndi makina a MTM snap desktop CNC mphero opangidwa ndi ophunzira Jonathan ward, Nadya Peek ndi David Mellis mu 2011. Pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki ya HDPE yodula kwambiri (yodulidwa kuchokera pa bolodi yodula kukhitchini) pa shopbot yaikulu CNC. makina opangira mphero, makina a 3-axis mphero amayendera pamtengo wotsika mtengo wa Arduino microcontroller, ndipo amatha mphero molondola chilichonse kuyambira pa PCB mpaka thovu ndi nkhuni.Nthawi yomweyo, imayikidwa pa desktop, yonyamula komanso yotsika mtengo.
Panthawiyo, ngakhale ena opanga makina a CNC mphero monga shopbot ndi epilog amayesa kumasula makina ang'onoang'ono komanso otsika mtengo apakompyuta, anali okwera mtengo kwambiri.
MTM snap imawoneka ngati chidole, koma yasinthiratu mphero yapakompyuta.
Mu mzimu wa Fab Lab yeniyeni, gulu lachidule la MTM linagawana nawo ndalama zawo kuti muthe kuzipanga nokha.
Atangopanga chithunzithunzi cha MTM, membala wa gululo a Jonathan ward adagwira ntchito ndi mainjiniya Mike Estee ndi Forrest wobiriwira komanso wasayansi wazinthu zakuthupi Danielle applestone kuti akwaniritse ntchito yothandizidwa ndi DARPA yotchedwa mentor (kuyesa kupanga ndi kukweza) kuti "agwire ntchito zaka za zana la 21."
Gululi linagwira ntchito ku otherlab ku San Francisco, linagwirizanitsa ndikuwunikanso mapangidwe a chida cha makina a MTM, ndi cholinga chopanga makina opangira makina a CNC okhala ndi mtengo wokwanira, kulondola komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta.Iwo anachitcha icho othermill, yomwe ndi kutsogola kwa Bantam zida kompyuta PCB mphero makina.
Chisinthiko cha mibadwo itatu ya othermill
Mu May, 2013, gulu la makina ena Co. bwinobwino anapezerapo crowdfunding ntchito.Patatha mwezi umodzi, mu June, zida za shopbot zidayambitsa kampeni (komanso yopambana) ya makina onyamula a CNC otchedwa handibot, omwe adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji patsamba lantchito.Ubwino waukulu wa makina awiriwa ndikuti mapulogalamu omwe akutsagana nawo - otherplan ndi fabmo - adapangidwa kuti akhale ozindikira komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a WYSIWYG, motero, kuti omvera ambiri agwiritse ntchito CNC processing.Mwachiwonekere, monga chithandizo cha mapulojekiti awiriwa chikutsimikizira, anthu ammudzi ali okonzeka kupanga zatsopano zamtunduwu.
Chogwirizira chachikasu chowoneka bwino cha Handibot chimalengeza kusuntha kwake.
Kupitilira muyeso kuchokera ku fakitale kupita ku desktop
Popeza makina oyamba adagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamalonda mu 2013, gulu lopanga digito la desktop lakwezedwa.Makina a CNC mphero tsopano akuphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya makina a CNC kuchokera ku mafakitale kupita ku ma desktops, kuchokera pamakina opindika waya kupita ku makina oluka, makina opangira vacuum, makina odulira ndege zamadzi, makina odulira laser, ndi zina zambiri.
Mitundu ya zida zamakina a CNC zomwe zimasamutsidwa kuchokera kumafakitale kupita ku ma desktops zikukula pang'onopang'ono.
Cholinga cha chitukuko cha labotale ya Fab, yomwe idabadwira ku MIT, ndikulengeza makina amphamvu koma okwera mtengo opangira digito, kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro anzeru ndi zida, ndikubweretsa malingaliro awo kudziko lapansi.Ndi anthu odziwa zambiri okha omwe angapeze akatswiri akale ndi zida izi.Tsopano, kusintha kwapakompyuta kukupititsa patsogolo njira iyi, kuchokera ku ma laboratories a Fab kupita ku zokambirana zaumwini, pochepetsa kwambiri ndalama ndikusunga kulondola kwaukadaulo.
Pamene njira iyi ikupitilira, pali zatsopano zosangalatsa zophatikizira nzeru zamakono (AI) pakupanga makompyuta ndi kapangidwe ka digito.Zomwe zikuchitikazi zikupitilirabe kukhudza kupanga ndi zatsopano sizikuwonekerabe, koma tachokera patali kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yamakompyuta akulu akulu ndi zida zamphamvu zopangira zida zomangika ku mabungwe akulu ndi makampani.Mphamvu tsopano ili m'manja mwathu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-19-2022